Periodic Table
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Periodic Table of Elements Picture.
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Periods are the horizontal rows in the periodic table. They tell you how many energy levels each element has. For example, Iron has 4 energy levels while Oxygen has 2.
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Groups are the vertical columns in the periodic table. There's 8 total groups. Each element is under a specific group that tell us the number of valance electron it has. (All the transition metals are in group 2, and Helium is exception to group 8 because it actually has 2 valance electrons as well.)
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Elements in the periodic table are put into groups and periods by the atomic number that they have. As you go further right on the table, the atomic number gets bigger. The elements are either metals, nonmetals, metalloids, noble gases, halogens, transition metals, lanthanoids, or actinides.
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Valance electrons are the electrons found on the outermost energy level of an atom. You can see how many valence electrons an atom has by looking at what group they are in- except Helium because Helium has 2 valance electrons, not 8.
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Metals in the periodic table are found to the left of the dark black line that looks like a staircase in your chart (except for Hydrogen which is a gas and not a metal).
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Nonmetals are found to the right of the same dark black line (include Hydrogen which is in group 1-period 1, it is a gas, not a metal).